William harsen



2; Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. HARSEN. PORTABLE PNEUMATIG Remi DRLLI,.. l

No. 31,430. Patented'eb. 12, 1861.K

NM www 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. H.Q\ RSB1\I. PURTABLE PNBUMATIG ROGK DRILL.

Patented Peb.. 12 1861.

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llllllIHl I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM HARSEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND FRANCIS N.BANGS, OF SAME PLAGE.-

BooK-DRILL.

Speccaton forming part of Letters Patent No. 31,430, dated February 12,1861; Reissued August 11, 1874, No. 6,009.

To all whom it 'may concern:

Be it known that I, VILLIAM HARsnN, of the city, county, and State ofNew York, have invented a new and useful Portable Pneumatic Rock-Drill;and I do hereby de-4 clare the following to be a correct description ofthe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure l. is a perspective view of the drill complete; Fig. 2. is a sideelevation of the same with the shells removed; Fig. 3. is a longitudinalsection through the tappet bar; Fig. 4 is a bottom end view; Fig. 5, isa top end view; Fig. 6. is a longitudinal section through lines WV, W,of Figs. 7 and 8; Fig. 7 is a transverse section through lines Y, Y, ofFigs. 2. and 6; Fig. S. is a transverse section through lines Z, Z, ofFigs. 2 and 6; Fig. 9 is an end view of Fig. 6. in direction of arrowmarked 13; Fig. 10. is an end view of Fig. 6. in the direction of thearrow marked 14; Fig. 11. is a transverse section of the upper shell,with the upper end of the machine shown therein; Fig. 12 is alongitudinal section of the upper shell in the direction of the arrow15.

The same part is marked by` the same letter of reference wherever itoccurs.

The nature of my invention consists in the construction of a rock drill,to be operated by steam or compressed air, and which is, at the sametime, portable, capable of operation in any direction, and exposed towear only in parts which can be readily and cheaply renewed, all ashereinafter more particularly set forth.

To enable others to make and use my improved drill, I will proceed todescribe its construction and operation, with reference to the drawings,in which A marks the cylinder, or main body'of the machine; B, thecylinder heads; C, the piston attached to D, the hollow piston rod.

Attached to the ends of the piston rod by collars, are heads E, whichallow the rod to rotate in them, but have no end play.

F is the tappet bar secured at its ends to the heads E.

G, G', mark tubes xed to heads E, and playing through stuiiing boxes,into the cylinder, in lines parallel to the piston rod.

I-I is a bottom piece firmly secured to the piston rod, and forming withpiece n', a collar.

I is a top piece secured to the piston rod,

and forming a collar with the piece n; J, the ratchet wheel forrevolving the drill; K, band revolving around wheel J; L, a projectionfrom band K, having in it a spring pawl r; M, lower gibs'for nipping thetool; N, upper gibs for the same purpose; O,

, ring for operating gibs M; P, ring for operating gibs N.

Q marks the steam or air chest; R a cap, covering the valve rodconnection; S, shells covering and protecting from injury, the ends ofthe machine.

T is the bit or drilling tool; U a coupling connecting the valve chestwith a tube or pipe from the steam boiler, or air pump, which is thesource of power.

a marks the bottom inlet port; o, the exhaust port; c, upper inlet port;o?, valves; e, valve rod; f', boX in which tappet bar F, plays; g, a.projection forming a fulcrum for a starting lever; L, the upper tappet;z', the lower tappet; y' the feather on which bar F slides, and by whichit is steadied; 7c, movable caps; Z, stuiiing boX glands; m holes in thesides of tubes G; n, n', collar pieces fixed to piston rod; o, leatherbuffer on piece n; p, leather packing, on head of rings O, and P; Q,piston packing; r, spring pawl working into ratchet wheel J; 3,58',bases of shells; t t caps of shells; u, u', horns of caps t, o, orificethrough which the bit T, passes and plays; fw, channel in which thepieces fw, @o2 form a spiral way for guiding the motion of projection L;m, ai, walls of shells S; y and e y, a, and w3 channels on the interior.of shells S, to accommodate projecting parts of the machine; a, the waylfrom inlet port a, into cylinder; o', the outlet for exhaust; o the wayfrom inlet port o, into cylinder; CZ, rings for holding and securing themachine; e, light wire springs to hold the gibs out;

i stutiing boX gland for valve rod.

The construction of the cylinder, piston, valves, steam chest, &c., isessentially like that of the simplest form of steam engine. The cylinderA, of the usual form, is provided with substantial heads B, and stuffingboxes l. The piston C, has the ordinary packing, shown in black at g,Figs. 3, 6, 7 and 8, and receives, and is rmly attached to the pistonrod D. Y It is in this rod, and the parts attached to, and surroundingit, that the chief novel peculiarities of the machine are to be found.The piston rod D,

is hollow throughout its entire length, and

y is attached at its middle, to the piston C,

and has a reciprocating motion with it, in the usual way. At either endof the rod D, are attached collars I, u, and I-I, n', which snugly graspthe annular heads E, and are capable of revolving in them, but have noend play. To these heads, the tappet bar F, is strongly framed, (seeFigs. 2 and Each of the heads E, has in it a deep 'annular groove, forYthe reception of the rings O, and P, respectively; and, opposite to andcommunicating with those grooves, are the orifices for the reception ofthe tubes G, on the lower end, and the tubes G on the upper. These tubesG, G, pass through stufing boxes into the cylinder A, and terminate nearthe piston C, as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 6. Being part ofthe samesystem with the piston rod D, they move with it. The tubes G, are closedat their inner ends, and open at the ends which are inserted into thehead E. They have, near their inner ends, the small lateral openings m.The tubes G, are open at both ends. The rings O, and P, are beveled onthe inner side of their outer ends, to correspond with the angle-oftheir respective gibs, M and N. Their inner faces are provided withpacking, shown in black at 0, Fig. 3, to render air tight theirconnectionwith the tubes G, G. The bottom piece H, and col-` lar I, aremade with slanting channels upon which the gibs, M and N, bear andslide, as shown in Fig. 3.

The tappet bar F, has a groove in its under side, extending its wholelength, and traverses upon a feather y', made to fit this groove. Itssides are armed with the tappets h, and z', which are placed at theproper points to operate the valves at the right time. The box f, has amortise through it, in which the bar F, plays and causes the tappets t,'and z', alternately to strike the sides of the mortise, and thus workthe valve rod c. A small transverse mortise is also made in the top ofslide box f, (see Fig. 2.) to receive the end of a starting lever, whichmay be inserted through fulcrum piece g, Fig. l. The valve rod e issecured to box f, and passes through stufng box i', into the valve box,and is attached at its inner end to the valve cl, see Figs. 7 and 8.

' The ratchet wheel J, Figs. 3 and 5, forms part of collar I, so that,when it turns, that collar, and the piston rod D, attached to it, willturn at the same time. Outside of collar I, and wheel J, is placedannular band K, with its projection L. In the latter, is a spring pawlr. By this construction and arrangement, the band K, plays freely aroundthe ratchet wheel J, in one direction, but carries the wheel, collar,and piston-rod around withit, in the other direction, see Figs. 2, 3 and5. The projection L, is made to t a spiral groove in one of the channelsof the upper shell, as shown in Fig. 12, and, by sliding up and down inthat groove, op-

- erates the pawl and ratchet.

The air or steam chest Q, is provided with a nozzle or coupling U, bywhich a connection may be made with a tube or pipe, leading from a steamboiler, or air pump, or other source of power.

The working ends of the machine are protected from injury by beingincased in shells S, S, of proper size and shape to contain them. Ringsd, Fig. 1.are attached to the outside of the shells, for purposes offastening or handling. One of the ribs or channels of the upper shell istted with two wedge shaped pieces w', and wg, for the purpose of makinga slanting or spiral groove for the projection L to work in, ashereinbefore described, and shown in Fig. 12.

Operation: The operation of the machine is as follows: The drill bit, ortool, T, having been inserted in the hollow of the piston-rod D, motionis imparted to the piston by means of steam, or compressed air, which islet in through the nozzle U, into the steam or air chest Q. The air,thus admitted, passes through inlet port a, and way a', into thecylinder below the piston, and forces it upward. As soon as it has movedupward a short distance, the holes m, in the sides of the tubes G, arebrought into the interior of the cylinder A, when the air, or steam, atonce rushes through them into the tubes, and, exerting its pressureagainst the inner face of the ring O, drives that ring outward againstthe inclined sides of the gibs M, pressing the gibs inward toward thecenter of the piston-rod, and causing them to nip the bit tightly, andhold it until re- 105 leased by a reversal of the position of thevalves. Just before the piston has reached the end of its upward stroke,tappet t', changes the valves, and the lead gives an air cushion for thepiston, and thereby pre- 110 vents shock. By the change of the valvesjust mentioned, the steam or air is directed into port o, and throughway- 0', to the upper side of the piston, while the steam,

or air, in the lower side, is exhausted in the usual way, through theexhaust port b. While the piston is being driven down, the

air, or steam, enters tubes G, and, pressing upon ring P, drives itsbeveled edge against gibs N, which are thus forced in against the tool,and irmly grasp it, and carry it down to its stroke against the rock.The piston is cushioned, at the end of its downward stroke, by the lead,in the same manner as in .its upward stroke.

During the upward lstroke of the piston, the piston rod, with the toolheld within it, is turned part of a revolution, by the ratchet wheel,which is operated by the pawl attached to projection L. During the down-130 ward stroke, the pawl slips over the teeth of the wheel, and doesnot turn the tool.

It will be observed that, when the bit strikes the rock to be drilled,its rebound, instead of producing a destructive jar, or shock, to themachine, merely causes the tool itself to slip through the nipping gibs,which are thus the only parts exposed to any considerable wear. As theycan be cheaply and readily replaced, as often as may be required, one ofthe chief objections to machines of this class-their rapiddestruction-is completely obviated. It will be further observed that, ifthe lower gibs were made to nip the tool at the same time that it struckthe rock, it would grasp it so near its lower end as to impair theetliciency of the succeeding` blow. To prevent this, the gibs M, are notoperated until the piston has made so much of its upward stroke as tobring the holes m, in the sides of tubes G, within the cylinder. Thusthey are made to take hold of the tool at a point sufficiently high toinsure a good blow at the following downward stroke.

It is obvious that by substituting a hammer, or pounding tool, for thedrill bit, the machine may be used as a pounding or 4stamping engine forthe reduction of ores &c. I contemplate using it for such purposes.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The gibs M, N, constructed and operating substantially as, and forthe purpose specified.

2. The combination of the hollow piston rod D, the gibs M, N, and therings O, I), constructed and arranged for conjoint operationsubstantially as described.

3. The combination of the rings O, P, with the tubes Gr, G', andthecylinder A, in the manner and for the purpose substantially asdescribed.

4. The combination of the tappet bar F, slotted boX f, and valve rod c,constructed and operating as, and for the purpose described.

5. Operating a drill tool or pounder by the direct application of steam,or compressed air, to the tool holder, substantially in the manner setforth.

6. The holes m, in the tubes Gr', for the purpose specified.

The above specication, signed and witnessed this irst day of November,A. D.

WILLIAM HARSEN. Witnesses:

CHAS. F. STANSBURY, EDW. F. BROWN.

